Propylene gas is an important organic compound, which is a member of the olefin family. Olefins refer to hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds. The chemical formula of propylene is C3H6, and its structural formula is CH2=CHCH3. Due to its unique chemical structure, propylene has a series of unique properties.
1. Physical properties of propylene gas
The boiling point of propylene is -47.7℃ and the melting point is -185.2℃. Its relative density is less than 1, which is 0.5848. It has a low viscosity and is easy to process and transport. The refractive index of propylene is high, which is 1.3851, and it has obvious optical activity.
2. Chemical properties of propylene gas
The chemical properties of propylene are very active, especially the properties of its double bonds. The double bonds of propylene can undergo addition reactions with a variety of reagents, such as hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, etc. In addition, propylene can also undergo oxidation, polymerization and other reactions.
1. Addition reaction
Propylene can undergo addition reaction with hydrogen to produce propane. This reaction can be carried out under the action of a catalyst. In addition to the addition reaction with hydrogen, propylene can also undergo addition reactions with halogens, hydrogen halides, etc. to produce corresponding halogenated hydrocarbons. These reactions are important methods for preparing specific chemicals in industry.
2. Oxidation reaction
Propylene can undergo oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air at room temperature to produce propionaldehyde. This reaction can be accelerated by the action of a catalyst. Propionaldehyde is an important chemical raw material and can be used to synthesize a variety of chemicals. In addition, propylene can also be oxidized by peroxide to produce compounds such as acrylic acid.
3. Polymerization reaction
Propylene can undergo polymerization reaction by itself to produce polypropylene. Polypropylene is an important plastic material with many excellent properties, such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and good insulation. In addition, propylene can also copolymerize with other olefins to produce polymers of various properties.
III. Industrial use of Propylene gas
Due to its rich chemical properties and unique physical properties, propylene has a wide range of applications in industry.
1. Synthetic propane
Propylene can be converted into propane through addition reaction with hydrogen. Propane is an important industrial raw material that can be used to produce various chemicals and fuels.
2. Synthesis of propionaldehyde and propionic acid
Propylene can be converted into propionaldehyde or propionic acid through oxidation reaction with oxygen. These compounds are important chemical raw materials and can be used to produce various plastics, resins and other chemicals.
3. Synthesis of polypropylene
Polypropylene is an important plastic material widely used in packaging, textiles, automobiles and other fields. Due to its excellent performance and low production cost, polypropylene has a wide range of applications in industry.
4. Other uses
Propylene can also react with other compounds to produce a variety of different chemicals, such as alcohols, ethers, esters, hydrocarbons, etc. These chemicals are widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other fields.
In short, as an important organic compound, propylene has rich chemical properties and unique physical properties. It has a wide range of applications in industry, bringing great convenience and value to human production and life. Finally, it should be noted that propylene has certain toxicity and is harmful to the environment.
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