Methane gas is an important fuel and the main component of natural gas, accounting for about 87%. At room temperature and standard pressure, methane is colorless and odorless; the special smell of domestic natural gas is an artificial smell added for safety, usually methyl mercaptan or ethyl mercaptan. At normal pressure, the boiling point of Methane gas is -161℃. As long as the content of this gas in the air exceeds 5%~15%, it is very flammable. Liquefied methane will not burn unless it encounters high pressure (generally 4~5 atmospheres). China's national standard stipulates that methane gas cylinders are brown with white words printed on them.
Methane gas can be pyrolyzed at high temperatures to obtain carbon black, which is used as a pigment, ink, paint and rubber additive. Chloroform and CCl4 are both important solvents. Methane is widely distributed in nature and is one of the main components of natural gas, biogas, and pit gas. It can be used as a fuel and a raw material for the manufacture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon black, acetylene, hydrocyanic acid, formaldehyde, etc. Methane is used as a standard fuel for calorific value tests of water heaters and gas stoves. It is used to produce standard gas and calibration gas for combustible gas alarms. It can also be used as a carbon source for vapor phase chemical deposition of amorphous silicon thin films in solar cells. Methane is also used as a raw material for pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis.
In addition to being used as a fuel, it is widely used in the synthesis of ammonia, urea, and carbon black, and can also be used to produce methanol, hydrogen, acetylene, ethylene, formaldehyde, carbon disulfide, nitromethane, hydrocyanic acid, and 1,4-butanediol. Methane can be chlorinated to produce 1,2,3-trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride.
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