2-Methylbutane properties, uses and production process
Chemical properties
Colorless transparent liquid. Melting point is -160℃, boiling point is 27.85℃ (30-30.2℃), relative density is 0.6201, refractive index is 1.3537, flash point is -56℃. It is miscible with ethanol and ether, but insoluble in water.
Uses
When used as a solvent, it has the same effect as pentane, hexane, heptane, etc., and its solubility is slightly worse than pentane. This product has a high octane number and can be used as automobile and aircraft fuel.
It can be used as a solvent for catalysts in polyethylene production, a foaming agent for expandable polystyrene, a foaming agent for polyurethane foam systems, a deasphalting solvent, etc.
Production method
It is separated from petroleum cracking products or platinum reforming oil. The impurities contained in industrial-grade 2-methylbutane are alkanes, cycloalkanes, unsaturated hydrocarbons and water with similar boiling points. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are removed by washing with concentrated sulfuric acid; water is removed by dehydrating agents such as anhydrous calcium chloride, phosphorus pentoxide or sodium metal, or by molecular sieve dehydration; finally, fractionation and refining are performed, and the distillate is removed by high-temperature activated silica gel adsorption column to remove trace straight-chain hydrocarbon impurities. Using pentane as the raw material, 2-methylbutane can be obtained by liquid phase catalytic isomerization at 95°C.
Category: flammable liquid
Toxicity: graded low toxicity
Explosive hazardous characteristics: explosive and combustible when mixed with air
Characteristics: flammable when exposed to open flames, high temperatures, and oxidants; burning produces irritating smoke
Storage and transportation characteristics: warehouses are ventilated, low-temperature, and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids
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